Dynamics of the Community of Hole-nesting Birds upon Reduction of Industrial Emissions (the Example of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter)

Russian Journal of Ecology - The dynamics of the species richness, breeding density, and structure of the community of birds occupying nest-boxes upon a 50-fold reduction of atmospheric emissions...     

神农架大九湖后生浮游动物群落结构和水质评价

大九湖是南水北调中线工程的重要水源涵养地之一。为了解实施生态修复工程后浮游动物群落结构特征及水质污染情况，于2014年11月（枯水期）、2015年5月（平水期）和9月（丰水期）进行了3次采样调查。研究表明:共检出后生浮游动物36种，其中桡足类2种、枝角类5种和轮虫29种，轮虫丰度在3次采样中均占总丰度的80%以上，仅有的几种枝角类和桡足类也是小型种类或以幼体为主。11月优势种是寡污-β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）和晶囊轮虫（Asplachna sp.）；5月优势种为寡污-β中污和β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫、迈氏三肢轮虫（Filinia maior）、无棘螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis tecta）、广生多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）和萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）；9月优势种是β-中污型-裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicornis）、迈氏三肢轮虫和剪形臂尾轮虫（Brachionus forficula）。冗余分析（RDA）表明高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)是影响后生浮游动物污染类型分布的最关键环境因子。 关键词： 大九湖；后生浮游动物；污染类型；高山湿地湖泊     

Quantifying the impact of vegetation-based metrics on species persistence when choosing offsets for habitat destruction

Developers are often required by law to offset environmental impacts through targeted conservation actions. Most offset policies specify metrics for calculating offset requirements, usually by assessing vegetation condition. Despite widespread use, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of vegetation-based metrics for ensuring biodiversity persistence. We compared long-term impacts of biodiversity offsetting based on area only; vegetation condition only; area × habitat suitability; and condition × habitat suitability in development and restoration simulations for the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. We simulated development and subsequent offsetting through restoration within a virtual landscape, linking simulations to population viability models for 3 species. Habitat gains did not ensure species persistence. No net loss was achieved when performance of offsetting was assessed in terms of amount of habitat restored, but not when outcomes were assessed in terms of persistence. Maintenance of persistence occurred more often when impacts were avoided, giving further support to better enforce the avoidance stage of the mitigation hierarchy. When development affected areas of high habitat quality for species, persistence could not be guaranteed. Therefore, species must be more explicitly accounted for in offsets, rather than just vegetation or habitat alone. Declines due to a failure to account directly for species population dynamics and connectivity overshadowed the benefits delivered by producing large areas of high-quality habitat. Our modeling framework showed that the benefits delivered by offsets are species specific and that simple vegetation-based metrics can give misguided impressions on how well biodiversity offsets achieve no net loss.     

杭州市环境空气中黑碳质量浓度变化特征

采用2013年环境空气自动监测数据,分析杭州市空气中黑碳质量浓度的变化规律,并对变化特征的产生原因进行探讨。结果表明:黑碳测定年均值为4.10μg/m3,日变化有明显双峰结构,峰值出现在早7时和晚8时左右;从季节看,黑碳质量浓度冬季高(5.20μg/m3)、夏季低(3.00μg/m3);黑碳质量浓度与NO2、CO、PM10、PM2.5显著相关,与O3、风速、气温呈负相关,降水对黑碳的清除作用明显。     

我国探矿权资产化、证券化的模式及设想

探矿权资产化、证券化是我国改革探矿业投融资体制，解决探矿业资金瓶颈问题的关键。本文从制度建设、机构投资者的发展状况等方面分析了我国初步推行探矿权资产化、证券化的有利条件．指出了探矿权资产化、证券化的三种模式。并以基金模式和股权模式为例提出了实施探矿权资产化、证券化的步骤设想。     

A fragment constant QSAR model for evaluating the EC50 values of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna.

The quantitative relationship between the median effective concentration (EC50) of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna and the number of molecular fragments was investigated based on experimental EC50 values for 217 chemicals derived from the literature. A fragment constant model was developed based on a multivariate linear regression between the number of fragments and the logarithmically transformed reciprocal values of EC50. Functional correction factors were introduced into the model. The model was verified using an independent set of randomly selected data. The mean residual of the final model was 0.4 log-units. The robustness of the model was discussed based on the results of three jackknife tests.     

西藏农村能源消费及环境影响研究

西藏农村人口现有220多万，占全区总人口80％以上，农村经济落后，城乡差距很大。西藏农村能源资源主要有水力、地热、太阳能、风力、林木和畜粪等，煤炭、石油、天然气等高热值的优质能源很少。在这种经济发展水平及能源资源基础条件下，农村能源消费中高热值的现代能源比重很低，主要以生物质能如薪柴、牛粪、草皮等为主。这种低水平的能源消费结构已经对西藏脆弱的生态环境造成了巨大的破坏，西藏未来的能源发展战略迫切需要改变农村目前的消费结构，应发展太阳能、风能、农村小水电及输入高热值的化石能源替代目前生物质能的消费，减少因能源消费对西藏生态环境的破坏。     

清洁生产运行机制探讨

文章分析了清洁生产的运行机制，认为清洁生产方案的实施受企业、政府、公众、市场和社会环境等五个方面的影响与制约。在此基础上，从我国国情实际出发，讨论了我国在实施清洁生产方案所面临的问题，并从企业、政府、公众、市场和社会等方面给出了相应的对策建议。     

湖北省湿地的保护与利用

湿地是地球上具有多功能的、独特的生态系统，是人类最重要的生存环境之一。湖北省地处长江中游，湿地类型多，面积较大，河、湖湿地系统是主要的湿地类型。湖北湿地具有较大的资源潜力和环境调节功能，是自然界生物多样性丰富的生态景观。近年来，湖北省湿地保护面临人口增长的压力，围垦、污染和过度开发等对湿地保护构成了严重威胁，湿地环境遭到干扰和破坏。加强湿地科学的研究，保护管理好湖北湿地及其生态环境，实现湿地资源的持续利用，是湖北省2l世纪环保工作所面临的一项重要而紧迫的任务。